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The Society of Automatic Engineers (SAE) has created specifications
that cover chemical and mechanical requirements for threaded and
non-threaded fasteners as are used widely within automotive and
other industries.
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The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) has
created specifications that cover chemical and mechanical
requirements for fasteners used in engineering applications,
such as structural bolts used in building.
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In the overall MRO market, the wide majority of hex head cap screws used
are covered by SAE specifications. These cap screws are graded
by the SAE by strength levels, and are headmarked to reflect
the SAE grade and strength.
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